Revolt and Exile, 1680-1692 (excerpted from p.150)

Conflicts of the missionary friars and the successive governors of New Mexico, and the abuse of native Americans by some Spanish individuals, as well as constant raids by nomadic groups made the region unstable. Nearly all the Pueblo people along the Rio Grande participated in the Pueblo Indian Revolt of August 10, 1680, which took the non-Indian people of New Mexico by surprise. Many were killed or taken prisoner. Some fled and escaped on the Camino Real. Cpt. Alonso Garcia de Noriega led the first group from the Rio Arriba region and people of the pueblos of Isleta and Socorro. In the north, the families at Santa Fe were cut off from the rest of New Mexico. Governor don Antonio de Otermin led the escape of a large number of these families southward. All these displaced citizens traveled over 300 miles to reach the area of El Paso del Norte. The people who fled were natives of New Mexico (Spanish, mestizo, mulatto, and Genizaro Indian).

Some of the exiled families established themselves along the Rio Grande in the El Paso region while others continued southward to other frontier towns. Those remaining at exiled settlements in the El Paso region eventually returned to the north.

Third Wave of Colonization, 1693 (excerpted from pp. 151-155)

Descendants of the first and second waves of colonization, and families of settlers, who came to New Mexico between 1601-1680, returned to their former lands after a 13-year absence due to the Pueblo Revolt. Don Diego de Vargas arrived as New Mexico Governor in 1691, and in 1692 his campaign regained the lost territory. About 70 families (about 800 people) arrived at Santa Fe in December 1693. In addition to the families that had resided in New Mexico before the revolt, this group included new settlers of about 51 people had been recruited from the regions of Nueva Vizcaya and Nueva Galicia, most of whom were mestizos and mulattos.

Beita/ABEYTA (Spanish family from Durango, Nueva Vizcaya)

BENAVIDES (Spanish family from Nombre de Dios, Nueva Vizcaya)

CRESPIN (mulatto family from Zacatecas, Nueva Vizcaya)

de la CRUZ (family of mixed Spanish, Indian, and African ancestry from Sombrerete, Nueva Galicia)

FERNANDEZ Valerio (Spanish family from Puerto de Santa Maria, Castilla)

VALERIO (see Fernandez)

VELASCO/VELASQUEZ (mestizo family from Durango, Nueva Vizcaya)

VELASQUEZ (mulatto family from Sombrerete, Nueva Galicia)

©2005